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In this issue of the ICEM HIV/AIDS newsletter, we report on the ICEM African Workshop on the ILO Decent Work Agenda and HIV and AIDS, on the work in Nigeria, on the UNAIDS report &ldquo;AIDS at 30: Nations at the Crossroads&rdquo; and a new ILO tool kit that is available for trade unions.
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ICEM African Workshop on ILO Decent Work Agenda and HIV and AIDS 
 
In the framework of the ICEM HIV/AIDS project, sponsored by FNV Modiaal of the Netherlands and the Finnish SASK, an African Regional Workshop was organised in Johannesburg from 24-26 May. National coordinators and union activists from 11 countries participated in this workshop. The workshop was organised by the HIV/AIDS Project Coordinator, Paula Ndessomin, with technical assistance from Shirley Miller. 
 
The objectives of the workshop were to identify key elements of the Decent Work Agenda and understand how HIV and AIDS affect decent work and how, in turn, workplace action against the pandemic must be part of pursuing decent work. 
 
In an excellent presentation, the HIV/AIDS Focal Person of the ILO Pretoria office, Simphiwe Mabhele, linked decent work and HIV/AIDS in a rights-based approach using ILO Recommendation 200 concerning HIV and AIDS and the World of Work. The ICEM HIV/AIDS consultant focused on the ILO Global Action to promote the implementation of Recommendation 200 and global and national union action to this effect. 
 
In group work, participants explored challenges with respect to the Decent Work Agenda and fighting HIV and AIDS and discussed the difficulties of achieving decent work in the current worldwide economic crisis, including the difficulties of organising as more and more workers are forced into the ranks of the unemployed. They also identified workplace policies and collective bargaining agreements as tools to implement the Decent Work Agenda and eliminate stigma and discrimination. 
 
The workshop also gave an opportunity to Kettie Tembo from the British union Unite and Tsitsi Mariwo from the Public Services International (PSI) to present their HIV/AIDS projects and exchange information with participants. 

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HIV and AIDS Project in Nigeria Sponsored by the Canadian CEP 
 
For several years now, the Humanity Fund of the Canadian ICEM affiliate Communications, Energy and Paperworkers&rsquo; (CEP) Union, has sponsored an HIV and AIDS project in Nigeria in cooperation with the ICEM HIV/AIDS project and the ICEM affiliates in Nigeria, NUPENG, and PENGASSAN. 
 
In May, the ICEM HIV/AIDS consultant, who was accompanied by the national coordinator, Olawale Afolabi, visited Lagos and surrounding locations to assess the impact of the project. After having trained 210 peer educators cum counsellors and 120 community mobilisation agents, the unions focused on campaigns for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) at workplaces. Leaflets and handbills were produced for mass distribution. 
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Prevention campaigns were mounted in some 40 workplaces across the country and about 20,000 individuals were reached with awareness and prevention messages. VCT was carried out at 20 sites with close to 10,000 individuals tested. 
 
During his visit, the consultant had discussions with the unions&rsquo; leadership, observed a VCT campaign, spoke to peer educators about their work, and met with the staff of the NUPENG HIV/AIDS Prevention Office. Over the years, the national coordinator has managed to access resources at national level. For example, the testing in May was facilitated by the Nigeria Business Coalition against AIDS (NIBUCAA) free of charge. The prevention office has been sponsored by SmartWork, the HIV/AIDS workplace programme of the US Academy for Educational Development. 
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30 Years of HIV and AIDS 
 
As the world marks 30 years of HIV and AIDS, UNAIDS estimates that 34 million people are living with the HI-virus and nearly 30 million people have died of AIDS-related causes since the first case of AIDS was reported on 5 June 1981. An estimated 7,000 new infections occur every day (editor&rsquo;s note: these figures do not tally with those in the following article, according to which the new infection rate would be about 6,000). 
 
Although about 6.6 million people in low- and middle-income countries were receiving antiretroviral therapy at the end of 2010, which in itself is a great achievement, an estimated nine million people who would qualify for ARVs did not receive them. 

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Access to treatment will transform the AIDS response. According to UNAIDS, accelerating access and finding new treatment options not only stops people from dying but also prevents transmission of the virus. 
 
However, prevention efforts are still a priority and they are showing results: between 2001 and 2009, new HIV infections declined by nearly 25%. In India, the rate of new infections fell by more than 50% and in South Africa by more than 35%. India and South Africa are the two countries that have the largest absolute number of HIV-positive people. 
 
(Source: UNAIDS Press Release, New York/Nairobi, 3 June, on the report &ldquo;AIDS at 30: Nations at the Crossroads&rdquo;) 
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UNICEF: Two Million Teenagers HIV-positive 
 
According to a recent report by UNICEF, jointly published with ILO, WHO, UNESCO, and The World Bank, worldwide two million teenagers in the age group to 19 years are infected with the HI-virus, most of them in sub-Saharan Africa. Young people in developing and newly-industrialised countries have an especially high risk of infection. 
 
Daily, some 2,500 adolescents in the age group 15 to 24 years get infected. That means that 41% of every new infection is in this age group. Girls and young women have the highest risk. UNICEF demands better access to awareness and prevention for young people. 
 
(Source: UNICEF website) 
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Global Fund Suspends Disbursement of China Grants 
 
Citing concerns about insufficient participation of civil society organisations in programme implementation, inadequate financial management and possible misuse of grant funds, the Global Fund Secretariat has temporarily suspended disbursements for all active Global Fund grants in China. 
 
Several articles about the suspensions have appeared in the mainstream press. The Global Fund has not made any public announcement concerning the suspensions, but it has responded to questions from journalists. 
 
According to the Global Fund website, China has four active grants: two for malaria, and one each for HIV and TB. China has been awarded 14 grants by the Global Fund, but in 2010 China went through an elaborate process of grant consolidation. The sole principal recipient (PR) for all of China&rsquo;s grants is and has been the (China) Center for Disease Control (CDC), a government entity. 
 
The suspensions appear rooted in a collision between the Fund&rsquo;s conviction that grass-roots organizations must be intrinsically involved in the fight to control diseases like AIDS, and the Chinese government&rsquo;s growing suspicion of any civil-society groups that are not directly under its control. They follow complaints by some AIDS activists that Chinese officials have sought to suppress their public-health activities, have shunted grant money to groups under government control, and have failed to account for how some funds were spent.&rdquo; 
 
(Source: Global Fund Observer, Issue 148 of 2 June. GFO is a free service of <a href="http://www.aidspan.org">Aidspan</a>; to receive GFO send an <a href="http://receive-gfo-newsletter@aidspan.org">email</a> here) 
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ILO ACTRAV Tool Kit on HIV and AIDS 
 
In April, the ILO Bureau for Workers&rsquo; Activities (ACTRAV) published a tool kit to guide trade union responses to HIV and AIDS. The tool kit contains six factual booklets, collected learning exercises, case studies and information resources and a CD-Rom with key ILO publications on HIV and AIDS and the world of work. as well the DVD &ldquo;Workplaces in Africa respond to HIV and AIDS.&rdquo; 
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Booklet 1 deals with Core Information on HIV and AIDS, the Impact and Global Response. Booklet 2 focuses on Respect for Rights: The Key to Labour and Workplace Responses. Booklet 3 has information on Workplace Action on HIV and AIDS: Contributing to Universal Access. Booklet 4 deals with Trade Union Education and Training on HIV and AIDS. Booklet 5 contains information on Mobilising Resources for Trade Union Action. Booklet 6 gives an overview on Project Development and Proposal Writing. All this is accompanied by a Guide to the tool kit. 
 
(Source: ILO/AIDS website &ndash; for the <a href="http://www.ilo.org/aids/publications/lang--en/index.htm ">toolkit</a>&nbsp;click here&nbsp;or go to the ICEM website, see below) 
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New Resources on the ICEM Website 
 
The <a href="/en/72-HIV-AIDS">ICEM HIV/AIDS website</a> has been updated to include ILO Recommendation 200 concerning HIV and AIDS and the World of Work, as well as the Global Action Plan to promote and implement the Recommendation. The latter was adopted by the ILO Governing Body in March 2011. You can also find the brand new tool kit on HIV and AIDS, developed by the ILO Bureau for Workers&rsquo; Activities (ACTRAV) &ndash; see article in this e-bulletin. 
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News from Global Unions 
 
The International Transport Workers&rsquo; Federation (<a href="http://www.itfglobal.org">ITF</a>) in its latest HIV/AIDS update No. 107 of 15 May, reports on the on the High Level Meeting (HLM) of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which takes place in New York from 8-10 June. The meeting will adopt an outcome document (a new UNGA Declaration) that will aim at recommitting governments on universal access to HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support. Thanks to trade union advocacy, the zero draft of the HLM outcome document does feature reference to the role of trade unions and ILO Recommendation 200 on HIV and AIDS and the world of work. It is, however, not certain whether this reference will survive in negotiations between governments for the final draft. 
 
The May <a href="void(0);/*1307697779467*/">Newsletter</a> of PSUFASA (Public Sector Unions Fighting AIDS in Southern Africa) gives a first preliminary survey of the findings of the evaluation of the project and reports on two regional seminars in February and March, the latter on collective bargaining and HIV and AIDS. 
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Five Years Ago: From the June 2006 Issue (No. 9) 
 
The first issue of the ICEM HIV/AIDS e-bulletin was published in October 2005. In current issues, we refer to an article from the same month five years ago and reflect on developments. 
 
In the June 2006 issue of the ICEM HIV/AIDS e-bulletin, we reported on the mission to Ghana together with representatives of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. This was the first joint mission of a Global Union with the Global Fund. In 2011 we can say that it probably was also the last. 
 
Although the ICEM concept to target clinics operated by companies for HIV and AIDS services for workers and the surrounding communities with the involvement of unions had found recognition, little concrete follow-up activities resulted from this mission. Companies did engage in public/private partnerships and the Global Fund promoted co-investment projects but the ICEM&rsquo;s claim that the private sector includes business and unions went unheard. 
 
On the positive side, it should be mentioned that roll-out of antiretroviral drugs accelerated considerably and that major mining companies provided prevention, care and support services to their workers and dependents. 
 
We also referred to the report by FNV Mondiaal, &ldquo;Trade union support in the struggle against HIV/AIDS,&rdquo; which cited the ICEM project as a good example of integrating HIV/AIDS issues in collective bargaining and global framework agreements and gave credit to our efforts to build partnerships. 

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This ICEM HIV-AIDS Newsletter &ndash; How to Subscribe 
 
To subscribe to the e-bulletin, send an email to <a href="mailto:press@icem.org">press@icem.org</a>. Please put &ldquo;subscribe ICEM HIV/AIDS e-bulletin&rdquo; in the subject line.

ICEM HIV/AIDS e-bulletin - No. 69, July 2011

ICEM Women’s Bulletin: Will and Conquests

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Ten US trade unions, working together as the Coordinating Bargaining Council (CBC) of General Electric (GE) Unions, are negotiating with the industrial and financial giant toward a 19 June expiration of a four-year agreement covering 15,000 workers. 
 
The ICEM-affiliated United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America (UE) and the International Union of Electronic Workers/Communications Workers (IUE/CWA) are the largest US unions at GE, representing 11,000 industrial workers. Collective agreements for the UE and IUE are national in scope. 
 
UE Local 506 in Erie, Pennsylvania, hosted a CBC rally on Saturday, 4 June, in which a larger-than-expected gathering of 4,000 trade unionists took part. The bargaining manifestation was held at Gannon University in the western Pennsylvania city. 

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UE-led Bargaining Rally in Erie, Pennsylvania, on 4 June
Negotiations began in New York City on 24 May and after five rounds of bargaining it is evident that pension issues and health care costs have become the main agenda items. GE is trying to separate all new hires from a defined pension plan and shift them to an inferior plan. It also wants higher cost-sharing on medical insurance from workers and introduction of inferior option plans. The unions and GE resume bargaining tomorrow, 7 June. 
 
In opening bargaining statements delivered on 24 May, UE President John Hovis spoke of GE&rsquo;s role in the financial crisis in which a bursting real estate bubble and accompanying credit crunch had dramatically cut GE&rsquo;s stock price, its dividend payouts, and loss of GE&rsquo;s AAA credit rating. Hovis reminded GE executives they had &ldquo;lectured more than once in past negotiations&rdquo; how GE Capital represented a more important and profitable component of the company than its industrial and manufacturing businesses. 
 
&ldquo;The irony did not escape UE members when in the wake of the crisis, GE scrambled to persuade investors that it should once again be viewed as an industrial company,&rdquo; Hovis said. 
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Despite the crisis, GE is faring well in the marketplace and American unions will resist any rollbacks to pension schemes and health care costs. And they will seek a significant yearly wage increase and cost-of-living improvements. GE paid out three dividends to shareholders in the past year and recorded US$14.2 billion in gross profits in 2010. GE&rsquo;s cash surplus was US$82 billion in first quarter 2011, and UE claims GE workers produced an average of US$42,000 each in net profit for the company last year. 
 
View a <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/ueunion?blend=24&amp;ob=5">UE YouTube video</a> of 2011 bargaining here.&nbsp; 
 
The CBC of GE Unions in the US consists of the UE, the IUE/CWA, International Association of Machinists (IAM), NABET/CWA, the United Steelworkers (USW), the United Auto Workers (UAW), the International Federation of Professional and Technical Employees (IFPTE), the Electrical Workers (IBEW), Sheet Metal Workers Union (SMWIU), the United Association of Plumbing and Pipefitting Union (UA), the Firemen &amp; Oilers division of the Service Employees Union (SEIU). 
 
The national set of talks for UE is occurring on behalf of GE Transportation workers in Erie and for GE Energy staff at Fort Edward, New York, while the IUE/CWA has a common pact for GE Aviation in Lynn, Massachusetts, and GE Appliances in Louisville, Kentucky. Simultaneous bargaining for single-site agreements with the same 19 June expiry date also continues for the UAW and IAM at GE Aviation in Cincinnati, Ohio, as well as at some 30 other GE worksites, including plastics and chemical operations. 
 
Jim Clark, the head of IUE/CWA, is chairman of the CBC.

American Unions in Tough Talks for 15,000 General Electric Staff

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Since last year, ICEM affiliates in Colombia have been participating in a project to create strong national unions for IMF affiliates in Colombia, Fetramecol and Utrammicol. The project&rsquo;s objective is to strengthen trade union unity. 
 
The ICEM and the IMF have a common interest in strengthening trade unions in Colombia and both federations have been concerned about the situation of Colombian trade unions. Union membership is among the lowest in Latin America due to anti-trade union practices and to the obstacles to trade union activity created by the government. The creation of &ldquo;employment cooperatives&rdquo; (cooperativas de trabajo asociado - CTAs) has led to a deterioration in the quality of jobs, nullified inalienable workers&rsquo; rights and made jobs precarious. 
 
In 2009, a project was started to create national unions for the IMF affiliates in Colombia, Fetramecol and Utrammicol. This project was supported by IF Metall and LO-TCO of Sweden and its main objective was to strengthen metalworkers&rsquo; unions, improve co-operation between affiliates at the national level and strengthen trade union unity. 
 
Three regional workshops and one national workshop take place four times a year and the project is due to conclude in 2012. To date, these workshops have discussed such issues as collective agreements and collective bargaining and developed proposals to deal with the problems that face trade unionism at the national level. This year&rsquo;s central theme is trade union structures. 
 
When the project began, the main objective was to create the conditions to unite IMF affiliates in Colombia into one national organisation. However, the project, which also covers Chile, is now focusing on the creation of broader industrial unions and political alliances in the regions, in the context of the merger of three major international trade union federations (IMF, ICEM and ITGLWF). 
 
In 2010, Carlos Bustos, ICEM coordinator in Colombia, invited IMF affiliates to participate in the federation&rsquo;s current activities and in various national meetings. Meanwhile, Colombian ICEM affiliates began to attend the project seminars, explains Nohora Tovar, of Fetramecol and joint national coordinator of the project. 
 
Bustos adds that this year it was decided to increase participation of ICEM colleagues in the three regions where the project is operational (Bogot&aacute;, Boyac&aacute; and Medell&iacute;n). Luis Vel&aacute;zquez of Utrammicol, who is the other joint national coordinator, says that participation has been very good and IMF affiliates have welcomed the initiative as well. 
 
Both explain that at the end of 2010 the National Council formed by Fetramecol and Utrammicol was renamed the Unity Council and extended to include the ICEM affiliates. This council established committees to draft statutes and, along with ICEM colleagues, established an action plan with a dual focus: first, initiatives to promote unity and second, development of education and training. 
 
Marino Vani, from the IMF&rsquo;s Regional Office, explains that the project has forced each organisation to assess the situation and promote joint actions to strengthen their unions and formulate common objectives. The project proposal to discuss particular issues with a view to developing a trade union agenda has provoked discussion and resulted in new trade union practices, although the unions have yet to develop a broader consensual strategy with a unified agenda and action. It is hoped that the project will encourage union members to learn and to understand the need to create united and representative national trade unions that include precarious and outsourced workers and in this way strengthen the position of all members.

Creating strong unions in Colombia

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On the 18 April, 16 union leaders from the ICEM affiliate United Workers Union of Liberia (UWUL) and the IMF affiliate Metal, Mechanical Electrical Communications and Allied Workers Union (MMECAWU) met in Monrovia to discuss the possibility of a merger and to develop a program of cooperation. 
It is now 15 years since civil war left Liberia in ruins. Not only is there much work to be done in this post war era to re-establish infrastructure, the country is also engaged in nation building including revitalizing the educational, health, security, economic and governance sectors. For the last seven years Liberians have been consolidating peace, receiving support for development from the international community and making strides in securing foreign investment attracted by the countries abundant natural resources. 
Whilst some multinationals like Firestone have been in Liberia for many decades, ArcelorMittal and BHP Billiton are the new kids on the block, with substantial recent investments in iron ore extraction. Historically, foreign companies that have been granted concessions have been expected to take care of service delivery to people in the area, in the form of housing, education and health services. This system still exists today and further disempowers workers to challenge employers as it is not only their jobs at stake but also their homes. 
Organised labour has recognized that unity is needed for bargaining power to stand up to these multinational companies and meet the challenges to build worker rights, create decent work and improve the lives of workers. Liberia's two labour federations have united to form a strong single federation in the country. The forestry union and mining union merged to create UWUL. Now, building on these successful mergers and encouraged by their benefit for worker power, UWUL and MMECAWU have agreed to work towards a merger. 
 
At the April meeting, the unions formulated and signed a memorandum of understanding committing to form a joint committee to develop a programme of collaboration that would culminate in a merger within a 24 month period. Central to the joint work would be organizing workers of multinational companies. 
The unions agreed to take the memorandum of understanding to their constituencies to gain the support of workers for the merger. The IMF has offered support and guidance to the unions' efforts in the interest of building strong worker representation in Liberia.

Liberian Unions Work Towards a Merger

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The ICEM today vehemently condemned the deepening trade union repression occurring in Iraq. In recent days, a youth leader of the Mechanics&rsquo; and Printers&rsquo; Union of the General Federation of Iraqi Workers (GFIW) and three others were rounded up and presumably jailed, and Jamal Abdul-Jabbar, President of the Oil and Gas Workers&rsquo; Union of the GFIW in Kirkuk was forcibly transferred from his job at Northern Oil Company to a remote location due to his union activities. 
 
On 27 May, plainclothes Iraqi security police in a civilian ambulance grabbed the four young activists as they were on their way to demonstrate in Tahrir Square, the central Baghdad flashpoint this year for protests. Taken away were Jihad Jalil, 27, a worker and Mechanics&rsquo; and Printers&rsquo; Union activist; Ahmed Alaa al Baghdaddi, 19; Moyaid Fasil al Taib, 29; and Ali Abdul-Khaliq, 24. 
 
They were on their way into Tahrir Square near the Green Zone to manifest for trade union rights, jobs, basic services, political reform, and an end to corruption when police apprehended them for merely attempting to express their internationally recognised human rights, as well as rights under the Iraqi constitution. 
 
In Iraq&rsquo;s north, Jamal Abdul-Jabbar was forcibly transferred from his position at major Northern Oil installations in Kirkuk to a remote and isolated company site. He had led a walk-out in defence of contract workers at Kirkuk about a month ago. The transfer of elected union leaders away from any mass concentration of workers has been commonplace in Iraq over the past several years. 
 
&ldquo;The ICEM is angry that the Al-Maliki government is escalating trade union repression,&rdquo; ICEM General Secretary Manfred Warda said in a letter to the government. &ldquo;Rather than persecuting Iraqi citizens for engaging in their fundamental human rights, the government must institutionalise free and independent trade unions in a modern labour law for peace and prosperity of all Iraqis.&rdquo; 
 
The ICEM expressed disheartenment that Iraq&rsquo;s government is moving away from democratic reforms. It noted the implementation of Cabinet Decrees 95 and 96 in mid-April, which in part stripped away recognition of the GFIW and replaced it with a committee of non-elected and politically-biased officials from the Sadrist Party. The GFIW is affiliated to the ICEM. 
 
Eight years after the fall of Saddam Hussein, his regime&rsquo;s prohibition against trade unions not officially connected to the Baathist regime continues, only with a different political covering. &ldquo;By restricting trade unions and the right of workers to freely engage in democratic assemblies that will benefit their work lives, and Iraqi society as a whole, your government appears to be stepping back in time,&rdquo; wrote the ICEM to Prime Minister Nouri Al-Maliki. 
 
The ICEM also notes that last week&rsquo;s apprehension of a Mechanics&rsquo; and Printers&rsquo; Union leader is not something new. On 27 March 2007, the union&rsquo;s leader, Najim Abd-Jasem, was abducted from his home and three days later his body was found with clear signs he had been tortured before his murder. 
 
For further information, contact ICEM Information Officer Dick Blin, <a href="mailto:dick.blin@icem.org">dick.blin@icem.org</a>, +41 22 304 1842.

ICEM Demands Release of Iraq Mechanics’ Union Leader

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ICEM-affiliated United Mine Workers&rsquo; of America (UMWA) members ratified a front-end loaded and pattern-setting US national coal collective agreement on 17 June. The contract with the Bituminous Coal Operators&rsquo; Association (BCOA) was ratified by 70% of miners voting at 125 UMWA local branches, and comes six months before expiry of an existing national contract. 
 
The five-and-a-half-year agreement replaces the existing one and takes effect on 1 July. It will cover 10,000 miners and preserves the long UMWA tradition of providing excellent salaries, pension benefits, and health care coverage to US miners and retired miners. 
 
The US$6-an-hour wage increases over the life of the contract will now serve as a national pattern in union and non-union mines across North America. More importantly, that pattern is extended to include pension benefits &ndash; including health care benefits &ndash; for tens of thousands of retired miners and for workers and retirees of many coal and energy companies outside of the BCOA. 
<img alt="" src="" width="100" height="139" />
UMWA President Cecil Roberts
&ldquo;Our members will receive the largest pay increase in the 121-year history of our union,&rdquo; said UMWA President Cecil Roberts. &ldquo;In addition, we were able to preserve full health care benefits for active and retired members and their dependants, as well as preserve pensions for current and future retirees with no cuts in benefits.&rdquo; 
 
The national accord includes two US$1-per-hour increases in the first six months of the new agreement, on 1 July and again on 1 January, which is an average 8.2% increase over current wages. Wages will be increased by US$1-per-hour on 1 January in each successive year until 2016. 
 
The UMWA preserved health care benefits for active and retired miners with no cuts. The agreement preserves a pension plan that sees a company-contributed US$5.50-man-hour-worked into a pension fund that ensures the benefits are paid in full. 
 
The UMWA posted several other improvements in the proposed agreement, including pay increases for shift work, increased sickness, accident, vision and dental benefits, and better life insurance terms. 
 
The ICEM termed the new collective accord exemplary on several fronts. &ldquo;This contract again is verification of the tremendous power that UMWA holds for a social America,&rdquo; said General Secretary Manfred Warda. &ldquo;It deserves attention and wide applause.&rdquo;

UMWA Wins Excellent Terms in US National Coal Talks

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The ICEM CAL Mini Guide to Dealing with Contract and Agency Labour (CAL) is now available in French, Spanish, Portuguese, Hindi, and Bahasa Indonesian. 
 
The guide gives an overview of what the ICEM and its affiliates around the world are doing to promote permanent, direct employment and at the same time to promote better conditions for CAL workers. It also suggests ways in which unions can build relations with CAL workers, for example by creating a dedicated precarious workers&rsquo; section or representative, or introducing different membership fee levels and/or an alternate methods of dues collection. ICEM affiliates are encouraged to initiate a discussion on CAL within their own unions, and the Guide suggests a number of questions which may help to get these discussions started. 
 
The CAL Mini Guide in <a href="http://cal.icem.org/images/documents/ICEM%20Mini%20Guide%20CAL%20French.pdf">French</a> is available here. 
 
The CAL Mini Guide in <a href="http://cal.icem.org/images/documents/ICEM%20Mini%20Guide%20Spanish%20HQP.pdf">Spanish</a> is available here. 
 
The CAL Mini Guide in <a href="http://cal.icem.org/images/documents/ICEM%20Mini%20Guide%20CAL%20Portuguese.pdf">Portuguese</a> is available here. 
 
The CAL Mini Guide in <a href="http://cal.icem.org/images/documents/ICEM%20Mini%20Guide%20CAL%20Hindi.pdf">Hindi</a> is available here. 
 
The CAL Mini Guide in <a href="http://cal.icem.org/images/documents/ICEM%20Mini%20Guide%20CAL%20Bahasa.pdf">Bahasa Indonesian</a> is available here.

ICEM Mini Guide to Dealing with CAL now in multiple languages

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On 8 March, to coincide with International Women&rsquo;s Day, the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) released a report exploring the gender dimensions of the increasing move towards contract, agency and other types of precarious work. Entitled &ldquo;Living with Economic Insecurity,&rdquo; the report analyses global employment trends, including the global economic crisis, and concludes that the crisis has had a particularly far-reaching, but under-acknowledged effect on women. This has been exacerbated by the fact that women are over-represented in insecure forms of employment. 
 
There are no global figures regarding the number of women in precarious employment, but the report details a number of studies which illustrate the over-representation of women in insecure employment. In industrialised countries, where the female employment rate in 2009 was 53.1% versus 68.4% for men, women are more likely to be employed in part-time jobs. In Japan, women represent two-thirds of all non-regular workers and 80% of the female workforce are in temporary jobs. In some developing countries, female employment is predominantly in export-orientated manufacturing sectors, characterised by low wages, insecurity and denial of trade union rights. 
 
According to the report women are increasingly working in the outsourced public sector jobs, for example as cleaners and care-workers, where they are denied access to social protections and receive lower wages than their permanent counterparts. Jobs in the care sector are highly precarious and low paid. Many workers in the sector do have contracts that guarantee a set number of hours, and work on an &ldquo;upon request&rdquo; basis. Workers in the cleaning sector suffered due to the cutbacks brought on by the crisis, such as in Belgium where many office cleaning contracts were reduced from once a day to once a week, with negative impacts for the predominantly female, precarious workforce. 
 
According to the ITUC, women suffer from a &ldquo;double pay deficit,&rdquo; firstly from gender discrimination and secondly as a result of lower pay for precarious work. In Korea, for example, 70% of female workers are in precarious employment and earn only 43% of the salaries of regular male workers. 
 
The overrepresentation of women in precarious employment has become a key factor contributing to the global pay gap between men and women, and according to the report &ldquo;Job insecurity, far from being compensated through higher wages, actually tends to go hand in hand with low pay.&rdquo; 
 
The ITUC has prioritised getting women out of precarious and informal jobs in the following ways: 
 
1. Shifting policy focus to the creation of quality jobs, including by ensuring that the employment relationship is legally secure. 
 
2. Implementing the gender equity agenda, including through investment in public services and taking steps to promote the employment of women in all sectors. 
 
3. Providing universal access to social security through the implementation of a social protection floor for all, regardless of their employment situation. 
 
4. Taking up the challenge of organising workers in insecure forms of work by removing legal obstacles and broadening collective bargaining strategies. 
 
The <a href="/wp-content/migration/icem/ITUC%20report%20-%20women%20and%20precarious%20work.pdf">full report</a> is available here.

Gender and CAL: ITUC’s Women in Precarious Work Report

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In late 2010, the International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers&rsquo; Federation (ITGLWF) carried out research into working conditions in 83 sportswear-producing factories in Asia, together employing over 100,000 workers. One key finding of the research was that Contract and Agency Labour (CAL) is being routinely used by employers in the industry as a way to evade employment responsibilities. 
 
In Indonesia, ITGLWF affiliates SPN and Garteks found that agency workers are being denied basic entitlements including written contracts, pay when taking annual leave and sick pay. In factories supplying multinational sports brands, up to 80% of the entire workforce were found to be on fixed term contracts. 
 
In the Philippines, despite the fact that Article 280 of the Labour Code prohibits the use of contracts workers to perform core functions, a full 25% of workers were employed precariously. In one factory in Cavite, 50% of the workforce were employed on a contract basis. After five months, workers were forced to join the in-house manpower cooperative before being rehired on a new contract. The Filipino Labour Code prohibits the contracting out of work through an in-house agency. 
 
In both Indonesia and the Philippines, the vast majority of CAL workers were not union members. The workers who were interviewed told researchers that the main reason for this was fear that if management found out they had unionised their contract would not be renewed. 
 
A summary of the research findings is available <a href="http://www.itglwf.org/lang/en/documents/ITGLWFSportswearReport2011_000.pdf">here</a>.

ITGLWF Research Shows CAL rife in Sportswear Industry

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